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For more than a century, neuroscientists have known that nerve cells talk to one another across the small gaps between them, a process known as synaptic transmission. But the details of how this crucial aspect of brain function occurs have remained elusive. Now, new research has for the first time…
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In research that could inform prophylactic treatment approaches for pregnant women at risk of Zika virus infection, investigators conducted experiments in mice and identified six Zika virus antibodies, including four that neutralize African, Asian and American strains of the mosquito-borne virus.…
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Drugs that stop the overproduction of proteins by cancer cells may shut them down, but it also shuts down production of essential proteins in healthy cells. Researchers have found a protein with an active site that opens and initiates translation only when the protein binds to a small subset of…
http://dlvr.it/Lv7ykD

Resveratrol, given to Alzheimer's patients, appears to restore the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, reducing the ability of harmful immune molecules secreted by immune cells to infiltrate from the body into brain tissues, say researchers. The reduction in neuronal inflammation slowed the…
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A drink developed for soldiers to generate energy from ketones allowed highly trained cyclists to add up to 400 meters of distance to their workouts, a new study reports. The supplement, which will be commercially available within the year, works by temporarily switching the primary source of…
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By monitoring stem cell differentiation on gels that mimic the stiffness of biological tissue, researchers have identified the metabolites that stem cells use when selecting bone and cartilage fates. When fed to standard stem cell cultures, these molecules were then found to guide stem cells to…
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Groundbreaking research from the University of Alberta and McGill University has opened the door towards the future prevention of cardiac fibrosis -- a condition leading to heart failure for which there is currently no treatment.
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Time is critical when it comes to ischemic stroke treatment: Patients need to receive certain treatments within six hours to maximize their chances of the best possible outcome. A new study assessed the real world delivery to care, specific causes of treatment delays and time lost due to…
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A number of states – including Massachusetts and New York – mandate public reporting of mortality outcomes following certain cardiac procedures. While such reporting was originally intended to increase transparency and improve quality of care, a new study has shown that public reporting may in fact…
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Eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are among the leading causes of irreversible vision loss and blindness worldwide. Currently, gene therapy can be administered to treat these conditions -- but this requires an injection. Now researchers report a new way…
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The human nose is a battleground for bacteria and some of them could prove to be our allies. Researchers have discovered a new antibiotic, produced by nose-dwelling bacteria, that kills antibiotic-resistant superbugs, including MRSA. The study, published in Nature, shows that the human microbiome —…
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New research provides some of the first evidence that medications taken by millions of American children to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder offer long-term benefits.
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Genetic profiling of cancer tumors provides new avenues for treatment of the disease, according to a study. In this research, the investigators used next-generation gene sequencing technology to analyze tumor samples for more than 100 patients. More than 90 percent of those patients had gene…
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A new study of patients who survive the once-nearly fatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome finds their subsequent quality of life has more to do with lifestyle factors than how sick they were in the hospital.
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Researchers have determined that certain facial features, not the expression, influence whether people think someone is trustworthy. Two studies have determined that people often make judgments of trustworthiness based solely on the face.
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The short-term risk of developing cardiovascular disease following a first pregnancy is higher for women experiencing placental syndromes and poor pregnancy outcomes, a study reports. The researchers also found a five-fold increase in health care costs for women with placental syndromes who…
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For people with diabetes not treated with insulin, unsupervised self-monitoring of blood glucose levels has not been found effective at improving glycaemic control. In a randomized trial, researchers report on a strategy where patients submit their home blood glucose results to a website monitored…
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Obese women who become pregnant are at higher risk of developing diabetes during their pregnancies. New research shows this risk can be reduced with exercise.
http://dlvr.it/Lv6LyK

Research into Africa's first 'screen-and-treat' program for hepatitis B suggests the initiative may reduce deadly complications of the virus. The hepatitis B virus infects around 250 million people worldwide, and is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. It is commonly transferred from mother…
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Insight into how neurons in the cerebellum respond to rapid eye movements may provide clues for modern medical technology.
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Scientists have been studying the factors influencing the development of different blood cells. Their research shows that certain molecular mechanisms are not as relevant as previously assumed. This finding helps to improve our understanding of diseases such as leukemia and anemia.
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Novel genetic alterations contributing to development of leukemia have been discovered by a team of scientists. The findings from the international study involving about 220 newly diagnosed and relapse patient samples pave the way for development of new therapies, they say.
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Women who begin menopause before age 46 or after 55 have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a study of more than 124,000 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative, a large national trial aimed at preventing disease in postmenopausal women.
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In recent years, numerous diseases have been tied to variations in gut microbiota. The probiotics industry targets gut and intestinal health by developing products built mostly around enzyme cultures and bacteria. But a new study suggests that the underlying health and physical forces of the gut…
http://dlvr.it/LtqyNC

Police lineups in which distinctive individual marks or features are not altered can impair witnesses' ability to distinguish between innocent and guilty suspects, according to new research.
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